exhaust valve
固溶處理溫度嚴重偏低 (採1040C; 鋼廠規範上下限1140~1180C), 大量的鉻留在合金碳化物(碳化鉻)顆粒裡 故基地內鉻嚴重不足, 使得基地高溫耐蝕性大打折扣 -->易生蝕坑 (corrosion pits, 應力集中點) -->微裂萌生 -->裂口蔓延 -->終致失效.
Solution treatment temp was way too low, leaving too much chrome carbide in the matrix. Thisdeteriorated the high temp oxidation resistance of the head and thuscorrosion pits formed readily. Microcrack initiated,propagated and valve failed prematurely--as a matter of course.
固溶越多碳化鉻到基地內, 基地Cr%越高, 高溫耐蝕性就越高. 鋼廠規範上下限1140~1180C, 廠商採用1040C, 是出於冶金知識不足----- 只知檢驗硬度. 殊不知此機件諸多性能中, 主角是高溫耐蝕性.
機件配合靠尺寸上的精度; 機件性能靠冶金上的精度. 還好在測試階段問題就浮現, 否則正式量產後可能要召回的.
本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-1-21 05:21 编辑
SEM photos of corrosion pits. 本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-1-27 21:18 编辑
SEM photos of fracture surface of a tensile test bar of Ductile Iron
本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-1-22 13:09 编辑
Same sample as above, OM photos. 本帖最后由 leomet 于 2013-1-29 04:37 编辑
JIS S40VC (microalloyed steel) air cooled after hot forging.
Photos taken from specimen cut from a crank shaft made by a Japan manufacturer.
Note that grain growth did not occur and that proeutectoid Ferrite appear
both inside prior Austenite grains and on their grain boundaries.
本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-2-11 21:34 编辑
Cylinder liner from a big ship. Liner thickness 100 mm. leomet 发表于 2008-3-3 15:06 static/image/common/back.gif
FT 铸铁金相 欣赏
[ 本帖最后由 leomet 于 2008-7-4 16:33 编辑 ]
这是用什么照明方式拍照的?是DIC吗? Thanks a lot!good~~~ hd-lzh 发表于 2012-3-14 06:27 static/image/common/back.gif
这是用什么照明方式拍照的?是DIC吗?
Bright Field, Not DIC 请问用光学显微镜如何分辨先共析铁素体和渗碳体,用DIC可以吗? 本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-4-13 22:05 编辑
P/M part nitrided. 粉末冶金零件 氮化
738 ~ 742 nitrided area and carbides are tinted aqua blue.
503 as-polished;650, etched. leomet 发表于 2012-4-13 22:00 static/image/common/back.gif
P/M part nitrided. 粉末冶金零件 氮化
738 ~ 742 nitrided area and carbides are tinted aqua blue.
...
Compare thses steam-treated version of photos, you
can find the similarity between them. 非常感谢楼主,这样好的东西,是对热处理的极大贡献了!只是我不懂金相,好想学习下。能不能多发点沉淀硬化不锈钢的金相啊,这个材料书籍比较少,但现在航空业用的比较多,帮个忙。 真的是膜拜了,看了几个小时后,发现自己越来越看不懂。能否发些17-7,17-4,15-5,13-8Mo,AMS250 ,AMS255 ,AMS280,6911等一系列不锈钢的金相,退火,固溶,冷处理,时效状态等金相。 非常感谢!您的图片我反复看了很多遍,个人水平有限,有很多图片看上去还很困惑,希望吴老师在您有时间时把图片上的一些组织标注出来,便于学习。很惭愧提出这样的要求,感谢您! 本帖最后由 leomet 于 2014-12-31 19:41 编辑
leomet 发表于 2012-4-15 18:51 static/image/common/back.gif
Compare these steam-treated version of photos, you
can find the similarity between them.
See this.金相製樣 德國影片
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmH5QcT7Vnk&feature=endscreen&NR=1
你們可以鍊接此 嗎? 如果不行, 大概是國家管制, 不讓你們接觸國外網站.
本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-8-3 18:46 编辑
H13 made in China. Not that bad!
There is still room for improvement--- many massive(液析) carbide particles are found.
Whoever you are, keep doing your good job. China industry needs you. YES,There is still room for improvement。but the idea ofchinese need to improvement also leomet 发表于 2008-3-26 08:05 static/image/common/back.gif
气体氮化白层酥脆, 极易剝落.
气体硬氮化后,最表面是不是不需要那白亮层
Fracture surface of a collet chuck
本帖最后由 leomet 于 2012-12-4 21:27 编辑放錯位置了!
Fatigue fracture surface of a collet chuck.
Beach marks are clearly seen.
Deep machining mark is the culprit for this prematurely-failed chuck.